Colleges Help

Colleges Help However, if we focus on immigrant girls in Canada accessing abortions publish 1969 we'd have extra luck. Another approach to broaden a subject is to do a comparability. An instance might be to look at both Chinese immigrant women and Canadian-born women accessing abortions. Your professor might have given you a broad subject â€" like abortion or the Cold War. If you look for sources on these subjects you will discover an amazing quantity of results on a a lot too broad subject. You may struggle to seek out sources in case your matter is simply too new. You might want to broaden your topic in this case as properly. Doing a comparative analysis or utilizing a theoretical framework might help overcome this downside. Another factor to contemplate right here is the amount of resources out there on a given subject. For instance, you might have extra interest in the topic of involuntary celibacy than you do about North Korean labor camps, but you're prone to discover extra analysis sources dedicated to the latter matter. Depending on the word-count or web page necessities of your assignment, an abundance of resources might have a huge impact in your capacity to undertake the workload. In different instances, your professor may give you a loosely outlined range of matter sorts, but depart it to you to seek out an applicable matter. Then they should evaluation the list, trying to find some patterns and group totally different concepts for consistency. Ask the supervisor for extra instructions to have a clear understanding of what you are supposed to try this will permit you to give attention to different essential elements of the writing process. But the first step is to understand the assignment so as soon as you get it, don’t hesitate to method the professor with questions if you encounter any confusion. Ultius is the trusted supplier of content options for consumers around the globe. Connect with nice American writers and get 24/7 assist. From here you will want to determine on a well-defined and particular matter. Developing your matter and doing all your analysis go hand-in-hand. If this is the case, you must examine together with your professor to be sure that the target is absolutely understood upfront of getting started on your work. Such a great writer and he or she was so helpful all through the entire way. You usually are not expected to know every thing about your topic, so you can not expect to select an excellent matter before doing any research. The website Thesis Helpers has a fantastic on-line information to narrowing down your research topic. If you end up with a topic that's too slim or particular you won't be able to find enough related sources to help your argument. For instance, continuing with abortion, if we had targeted on Chinese immigrant girls aged in Canada accessing abortions between 1969 â€" 1989 the searches might not yield enough outcomes. The author was more than willing to make the necessary corrections. Once you discover a good topic, it's good to conduct a preliminary analysis and establish whether or not there's sufficient data in type of peer reviewed journals so that you can conduct a great research. good analysis matter is the one whose scope is somewhere between these two extremes. That is, no one else has carried out research on the topic or the research is limited and you can contribute to the body of data. If your genuine curiosity in a particular matter should be at the high of your priority list when selecting a topic, the supply of enough information should be your second highest priority. A Research Guide for a selected subject created by a topic librarian is great for helping you choose where to begin your analysis. These online guides will identify encyclopedias, books, databases, and other materials that will help you get started with analysis. Watch the transient video by North Carolina State University Libraries that highlights how selecting your matter and analysis are a mixed effort. This guide has been designed to offer you suggestions and ideas which will allow you to develop your subject and guide your analysis. The data on this information might not fit the requirements of your project.

High School Research Paper

High School Research Paper When you search for info in your subject, it's crucial to write down every thing you find related and useful. It may seem like a mess at first, however you'll be able to arrange it later and bring all the items collectively. Make positive you are taking information from reliable sources solely. There is nothing worse than putting doubtful knowledge into your analysis, as it's going to affect your result and can trigger questions out of your professor. Topics of science analysis papers have big selection but all are distinctive in their own fields. These research papers comprise highest quality and helpful knowledge for the readers which show to be very effective for them in near future. Students want effective data for his or her subject, which is being provided by our analysis papers. We here at ProfEssays.com present highest quality essays to our readers and students. When citing sources in your paper, you should include the authors’ names and publication date. The conclusion is an essential part of any paper as it summarizes all of the work and restates the thesis assertion. It additionally supplies a synthesis of the important thing points and arguments introduced through your work. It helps you construction it and makes certain you don't overlook something essential to mention. Moreover, by creating a top level view and writing down the details that you will cowl in every part of your paper, you will notice in case you have sufficient proof to show your level. You may draft it now or put it apart until you find more data on your topic â€" it would not really matter. Remember that an excellent thesis statement sums up your concept into one or two sentences. This is the core â€" the assertion that's supported by the entire examine. Everything in your work ought to agree along with your level and supply evidence for it. Carefully describe any stimuli, questionnaires, and so forth. Remember to write down numbers out once they begin a sentence. The Method part of an APA-type paper is probably the most simple to put in writing, however requires precision. You know, when you're on the elementary level of learning, it is not so troublesome, but as you go up the academic process it becomes tougher and harder. Not all people are the unique masters of word and have that writing reward. It means that you are good in other necessary issues. But it's evident that the dissertation has to be accomplished, it doesn't matter what the state of affairs is, and right here is our writing assistant. DO NOT quote from the articles, as a substitute paraphrase by putting the data in your individual phrases. After editing, it's good to reread your paper another time and make sure everything is flawless. If you have some time earlier than the deadline, you can put your work apart and come again to it a few hours later â€" contemporary eyes are very useful when critically wanting through your work. Every analysis paper is unique, and the method of its creation varies relying on the topic of the research. However, there's also a common plan which consists of five steps. Every paper begins with defining the topic and the main points that the creator goes to cover in the work. This is the step when you need to decide what drawback or query you'll tackle in your work and conduct analysis on it. Our company is acquainted with your helplessness when you have a task to write down something. We know, that typically it is could be not so difficult to write the textual content. Your goal is to explain the small print of your examine in such a way that another researcher could duplicate your strategies precisely. When incorporating references into your intro, you don't essentially need to explain each single examine in complete element, significantly if completely different research use similar methodologies. Certainly you want to summarize briefly key articles, although, and point out differences in strategies or findings of related studies when needed. It must be obvious to the reader why you’re including a reference without your explicitly saying so. Their function is to provide a abstract of the situation, its major points, and recommendations. Such papers are normally assigned in sociology classes. Compare and distinction â€" a paper based mostly on the evaluation of two objects of the study facet by side to search out their similarities and variations. For example, you may need to match two authors or two ideologies to find what their touching factors are.

European Imperialsim in Africa was Justified :: Politics Government

European Imperialism in Africa was Justified The principal Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain. It prompted a sensational increment in production lines, in this manner a tremendous measure of fabricated merchandise. The interest for merchandise made by the Industrial Revolution helped away from path for the Age of Imperialism since Great Britain and in the end all of Europe looked for after increasingly common assets and crude materials. Government is the strategy where a more grounded nation tries to overwhelm a less created nation both strategically and financially. Despite the fact that the European dominion of Africa was exploitive and selfish, it was advocated on the grounds that it at last upgraded the development and advancement of the African countries through new laws, government, all around requested account and opportunity structure abuse. At the point when the Europeans showed up in Africa, many would of imagined that dominion wasn?t fied on the grounds that the Europeans were subjugating the Africans. As expressed in David Diop's An Anthology of West African Verse, And in the Conqueror's voice stated, 'Kid! A seat, a napkin, a beverage.' Stated unmitigatedly, the winner is an European, and he is telling an African to serve him. Constraining Africans into bondage absolutely doesn?t legitimize European dominion in Africa, be that as it may, there are numerous reasons with regards to why colonialism really was defended. One explanation, is the way that the crude materials the Europeans took from Africa were unused. As expressed in Lord Frederick Lugard's, The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa, Who can preclude the privilege from claiming the eager individuals of Europe to use the squandered bounties of nature... Lugard shows that Europe reserved the option to take crude materials from Africa since they were unused. This implies the individuals who contend that European government in Africa was not advocated in light of the fact that the Europeans just took crude materials, are clearly mixed up. Another explanation that European colonialism in Africa was legitimized, is the way that Europeans didn't assume control over Africa exclusively for their personal matters. As obviously expressed in excepts from Lord Carnarvon's records. ...it is absolutely not a longing of narrow minded interests... Clearly, the individuals who contend that Europeans simply needed to profit themselves through the colonialism of Africa, are inaccurate. Sadly, despite the fact that European government in Africa was advocated, numerous Africans are as yet experiencing the impacts right up 'til today.

Policemen of the World Thesis and Outline Assignment - 1

Cops of the World Thesis and Outline - Assignment Example The principal war was somewhere in the range of 1798 and 1800 with France. The war was impelled via land discussion in the now Dominican republic. In the twentieth century, United States of America was associated with a savage war against Cambodia and Vietnam (Collier, 1993). The latest war between 1990 to date has been to countries, for example, Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya and Egypt among different nations. There have been contentions encompassing the USA contribution in the worldwide wars. The contentions inside the country are on the sacred orders that give the president capacity to attack a country without speaking with the senate and the congress (Kornbluh, 2003). The congress requests for a legitimate provision that the president should consistently look for their conclusion before he execute his arrangement to assault a stressing country. Contentions have likewise emerged on the nations being assaulted by the USA troops. There were discussions in Iraq when the USA troops attacked them and expelled Sadam Hussein that the nation had atomic weapons yet the nation never had any weapon. The inquiry currently is the reason did USA need to assault another country on bogus cases? (Steinhauer, 2011) The US of America need to have an unmistakable examination before assaulting any country. The wars as a rule lead to the passings of numerous regular citizens lion's share of whom are blameless . It ought to be noticed that war doesn't bring any advantage, however a misfortune to the life of human

Financial Analysis Of IOI Group Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

IOI Groups formation years were associated with real estate when it forayed into property development in 1982 followed by Oil Palm plantations in 1985. Today, IOI Group is internationally known as a leading global integrated palm oil player with operations stretching the entire palm value chain from seedlings to plantations to crop oil extraction to diverse value-added manufacturing across major continents serving global markets in more than 65 countries. Close to its home-base in Malaysia, the Group is also prominently known as one of the leading property developer with significant investment holdings of prime real-estates. IOI Group employs more than 30,000 personnel of more than 23 different nationalities in 15 countries. IOIs business activities can be broadly categorized in 3 linked segments is plantation, resource-based manufacturing and property, where products and services are offered externally or consumed along the value chain for further value-add activities before reaching consumers. Each activity in the value-chain complements the next, creating a logical progression in which we transform basic resources to a wide range of high value-added products. IOIs approach on Corporate Responsibility is to strike a Sustainable Balance between the conflicting demands of internal and external stakeholders in our pursuit of profits and growth. Our operating principles on sustainability are reflected in our vision statement and Code of Business Conduct since 1995 way before social-environment and global warming concerns took global centre-stage. IOI Group vision is that they shall strive to achieve responsible commercial success by satisfying our customers needs, giving superior performance to our shareholders, providing rewarding careers to our people, cultivating mutually beneficial relationship with our business associates, caring for the society and the environment in which we operate, and contributing towards the progress of our nation. Ratio Analysis Liquidity Ratio Current Ratio Liquidity ratio of IOI corporation drop dramatically in year 2008. This is not very favorable as it may not be able to meet short term obligations. Quick Ratio The quick ratio of IOI corporation is not very favorable. It drop in year 2008 which shows low liquidity of inventory. Activity Ratios Inventory Trunover According to the analysis, the inventory turnovers of IOI Corporation worsen as it drop in year 2008. Average Collection Period (Days) Average collection payment period has improved as it takes lesser time to receive payment from customers. This shows a good sign as they would have more cash in hand. Average Payment Period (Days) IOI corporation also improve in their payment period as it takes lesser time to pay their debtors. This may increase the image of their company. Total Asset Turnover In the earlier years, IOI Corporation was very efficient in using its assets to generate sales but the situation worsen in year 2008. The average time it took to turn over its assets change from 0.56 times per year to 0.85 per year. Debt Ratios Debt Ratio (Percentage) IOI Corporation has a high degree of indebtness and financial leverage with average ratio of 40%. The company uses a great amount of other peoples money to gemerate profits. Profitability Ratios Gross Profit Margin(Percentage) The higher the gross prodit margin, the better it is. The graph above shows that the companys gross profit margin drop dramatically from year 2006 to 2008. It is not favourable. Operating Profit Margin(Percentage) Operating profit are pure profit, a higher operating profit margin is preferred. IOI corporations operating profit margin deterioriate in year 2008. Net Profit Margin(Percentage) The higher the net profit, the better the companys performance. This is the percentage profit that is avaialable after deducting all cost and expenses. The net profit margin for IOI corporation is improving year by year which is a very good scene for the company. Earnings Per Share (Cents) Earnings per share are closely watched by the investing public and are considered an important indicator of corporate success. IOI Corporations EPS drop in year 2007 but it improved in year 2008. Return on Total Asset (ROA) (Percentage) ROA of IOI corporation increase year by year which is a very good sign for the company. Return on Equity (ROE) (Percentage) The higher the return of ROE, the better it is to the firms owner. ROE of IOI Corporation deteriorate in year 2008. In year 2007, it earned 21.33% on each ringgit of common stock equity and it dropped to 12.36% earning on each ringgit of common stock equity in year 2008. Evaluation of internal areas In general terms, the liquidity is the solvency of the firms overall financial position. The overall liquidity of the IOI Corporation does not seem to exhibit a stable trend. It did not maintain at a level that is consistence. A firm is considered to be more liquid when the current ratio is high. The ratio calculated earlier indicates that IOI liquidity is not very stable as it dropped in 2008 which have some problem in meeting short term obligation Inventory of IOI Corporation is also not very stable. It does not face any receivable and payment problem as the receiving and payment period drop. Reputation of the company is quite stable as it does not extend the payment period. IOI Corporations asset turnover is increasing that shows that the firm is quite efficient at using its assets to generate sales. IOI Corporation indebtness increased all the way from 2006-2008. This indicates that the companys ability in meeting fixed-payment obligations is poor. The profitability for IOI Corporation did not match with the firms performance for 2006-2008 as the gross profit declined. In other words, level of relative cost of merchandise sold affect the level of gross profit margin. Profit margin tends to fall when operating expenses increases. Operating profit margin for IOI Corporation is not quite favorable as it is not stable and decline in year 2008. Net profit margin of IOI Corporation improves all the way from 2006-2008. This is a very good sign for the company as the risk free rate of interest is improving. Evaluation of external areas IOI Group revenue has increased steadily by increasing sales over the years. Their main core businesses are Palm oil which consists of plantation and down streaming manufacturing and property. We are pleased that IOI Group continues to deliver strong earnings growth following the successful completion of the reverse takeover and equity placement exercise in August 2006. The improved performance in 2006, 2007 and 2008 consequently was driven by volume expansion across major business. With high inflationary pressure continuing in the new financial year and consequently affecting market demand and sentiment, growth in the Malaysian economy is projected to slow down during 2009. On the plantation front, after more than two years of continuous record-breaking hikes in the palm oil prices, there has been a problem of this upward trend and palm oil prices and market outlook have softened considerably during this period. The Group has always been aware of the cyclical nature of palm oil prices. Nevertheless, the Group believes that there are positive fundamentals such as strong palm oil consumption growth in several regions such as China, Africa and USA, relatively low world vegetable oil stock to usage ratio and biofuel price buffer that will prevent any sharp drop in palm oil prices. As for our downstream manufacturing business, there is a general expectation that if the upstream palm oil prices soften; the margins for the downstream business should improve. That is generally true but in this 2009; there is a widespread cost increase in utilities and other materials due to the withdrawal of Malaysian governments assistance on natural gas and fuel. This cost increase may offset the gains that are expected from lower palm oil input prices but given the Groups good market reputation, we will be able to pass on some of this utilities cost increase to our customers. All in, the Group still expects reasonably good performance from our manufacturing business in 2009. Despite the bearish property market, we are cautiously optimistic that we will be able to perform better than many of our peers in the industry due to the good location of our townships, our ability to manage our product mix to suit the prevailing market demand and the value-adding opportunities arising from our mature townships namely in the commercial property segment. As we look at the current financial year, we must be prepared to face the rapidly changing landscape in the palm oil industry where both new opportunities as well as new challenges surface. On our part, we have continued to invest heavily in future growth. More importantly, we have been able to do this in a focused and disciplined manner that allows us to ride along with positive trends shaping the industry without taking on excessive risks. We have also been fortunate to have the opportunity to add on parts that will create substantial value to the whole business. Last but certainly not the least; we have a team of experienced and committed people who still aspire to reach greater heights. All of these give us the confidence that we are well positioned for the future. Competition and Economic Performance IOI rely fundamentally on competition in product markets to organize production. Indeed, the advantage of competitive markets over command-and-control systems is generally recognized. Even so, it is often difficult to provide observed evidence of the effect of incremental changes in the intensity of competition for aggregate economic performance. This is partly because product market competition is only one among many factors influencing key aggregate performance indicators, such as productivity and employment. However, has identified an empirical connection between strong competition in markets for goods and services and better productivity and employment outcomes. The empirical evidence suggests that differences in competitive pressures have played an important role in explaining the variation in economic performance across palm oil business and property segments. It also indicates that core business (palm oil and property) market reforms that enhance competition will have positive effects on employment performance. Increased competition can lead to both one-time and ongoing gains in multi-factor productivity (MFP). One-off efficiency improvements arise both from better resource allocation and the use of inputs in response to greater pressures to perform. Ongoing gains relate to enhanced efforts to innovate and faster diffusion of innovations. While there is general consensus that stronger competition leads to static efficiency gains, there has been some controversy about the link between competition and dynamic gains. Economic Risk Our participation in our core businesses, namely palm oil and properties, entails risks that arise in the ordinary course of business. Palm oil prices can be very volatile and can result in wide fluctuation in revenue and cash flow. IOI group takes on only those risks that are necessarily associated with creating added economic value and ensuring always a worthwhile risk-reward ratio. Risks that could not otherwise be managed to a satisfactory level on a proactive basis are strategically mitigated. In the case of palm oil, for instance, normal price fluctuations are manageable risks whilst improperly sharp fluctuations and cyclical trends are strategically mitigated by the Groups positioning in different segments of the palm oil value chain, namely plantation, refinery, oleo chemicals and specialty oils and fats. The Groups exposure to different segments of the palm oil chain also provides better visibility and enables better risk management execution that enhances value beyond mere balancing out the effects of price fluctuation. For the property segment the judicious selection of locations when acquiring land bank and the choice of product mix when making property sales launches during different phases of the property market cycles are the most crucial factors in managing market and operation risks. The Groups operations which have expanded substantially in recent years expose it to a variety of financial risks, including foreign currency risk, interest rate risk, market risk (including commodity price risk), credit risk, liquidity and cash flow risk. The Groups overall financial risk management objective is to ensure that the Group creates value for its shareholders whilst minimizing potential adverse effects on its financial performance and positions. Main consideration is on potential impact on risks to cash flows. Besides, the Group also enters into interest rate derivative instruments with the objective of minimizing overall cost of borrowings over the tenure of the underlying borrowings. An appropriate mix of fixed and floating rates are taken after giving due consideration to current fixed rates level, forward scenario analysis and potential net cash flow fluctuation. Whenever appropriate, we also enter into forward foreign currency contracts to limit the Groups exposure to fluctuation in foreign exchange rates with respect to our foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities as well as committed sales and purchases of commodity and other products. Credit risks and counter party risks are evaluated and managed at the level of the respective business units within the Groups prescribed framework. Advice and Recommendation The world is fast realizing the need to address the issues of environmental sustainability. There are plenty of established plantation companies in Malaysia. The dominant plantation product is Oil Palm.The first commercial oil palm estate in Malaysia was set up in 1917. Since then the industry in Malaysia has grown by leaps and bounds and the country is now the largest producer and exporter of palm oil in the world, accounting for 52 percent of world production and 64 percent of world exports in 1997. As in all industries, research and development (RD) is critical, particularly since palm oil competes with 16 other oils and fats on the world market. There is a need to generate information, increase production and processing efficiency and expand uses of palm oil through RD. The palm oil industry has been able to do this through the establishment of the Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia (PORIM). Oil palm plantation meets global challenges. First, the oil palm industry faces with fluctuations. They try to manage it by keep cost well monitored and adopt flexible mechanism adjusting forward and spot sale percentages to meet price sale trend. Next will be the fear of another world recession. Price of CPO (crude palm oil) followed crude oil trend which cause the cost of fertilizers to increase tremendously. The run-up in the price of palm oil since early 2005 has been linked to rising demand for crude oil, which has effectively driven up the price of all other vegetable oils. This has somehow improved the companys liquidity level for that current year. Most palm oil is currently used in food products, cosmetics, and for industrial purposes less than one percent of Malaysias 2007 production was used for biodiesel. Such use has helped deflect some of the criticism levied by environmentalists against the industry, which maintains that palm oil is helping feed the world and has a favorable energy balance relative to biofuel feedstock grown in Europe and the United States. However now that more palm oil will be going into biofuel production, it may make the industry an easier target for green groups who say that oil palm expansion is destroying large tracts of rainforests and peatlands, releasing greenhouse gases and putting endangered species like the orangutan at risk. Under the changing circumstance of both economic and rival from time to time, it is necessary to find ways to improve the performance of their company. The firm should find ways to increase more of its sales. Chin Teck Berhad should have further analysis about the firms level of liquidity as it may have difficulty to meet short term obligations if the ratio keeps falling. Further analysis on the activity ratio for Chin Teck is also needed. Collection and payment period should be adjusted as it may affect the level of cash in the firm and may ruin the reputation of the firm. The management should tighten the credit policy to improve the receivable ratios and not to lengthen the payment period in order to keep the reputation or the firm. Management of Chin Teck should increase the production or may cooperate with other stable firms in order to increase the confidence level of investors towards the firms future performance. SWOT Analysis Strength IOI places a very high value on education and human capital development for the nation, especially their employees and children. For example, IOI continues to support important works conducted by the Borneo Child Aid Society, Sabah (HUMANA) and their creation of 51 schools for the children of plantation workers in Sabah. IOI Corporation is the main contributor which sponsors 22 of these HUMANA schools and is very proud of our association with this worthy organization. Under the Yayasan Tan Sri Lee Shin Cheng (Yayasan), a charitable foundation fully sponsored by IOI Group of Companies,various scholarships and bursaries have been provided to outstanding students pursuing degree courses. The Group has four refineries with total refining capacity of 3,350,000 MT, i.e. one in Sabah with a refining capacity of 1.2 million MT and kernel crushing capacity of 300,000 MT per annum, two refineries in Johor, with a combined annual refining capacity of 1.3 million The principal products of the IOI Oleo chemical Division (Oleo Division) include fatty acids, glycerin, soap noodles and fatty esters. These versatile products are used in a wide variety of applications, including manufacturing of detergents, surfactants, shampoo, soaps, cosmetics, pharmaceutical products, food additives and plastics. Our products are exported to more than 60 countries worldwide, IOI Corporation also has one of the most developed specialty oils and fats technology base in the industry. Having research through meticulous RD for zero burning policy that help land clearing by using the method of felling, shredding and allowing decomposition in. Furthermore, it allows the complete return of organic matter to the soil and helps to preserve, restore and improve soil fertility. The last but not least of the strength of IOI Corporation is its strong position in the country. It is ranked 9th in the Malaysias Top 10 Most Valuable Brand. It is a recognized and popular Corporation which many investors would choose to invest in. Weaknesses A weakness describes any aspect of the organization that may hinder the achievement of specific objectives. Believed to be unhealthy to the heart due to the presence of saturated fats, new scientific data suggest that saturates are not as bad as once believed IOI Corporation is too relying on internal resources and overlooks the importance of external resources. As time pass by, IOI Corporation will not only rely on the internal resources, and will have to outsource more and employ specialists in these areas that new to IOI Corporation. For management, IOI Corporation believes that there is a lot of misinformation out there about it, however, whatever lobbying that will be done will be fact-based and well-researched, using various channels effectively. Besides that, IOI corporation that continuous improvement in productivity and produce an increasing amount of palm oil required huge land and large amount of fertilizers and pesticides is actually bring harm to both the company and environment. In order to solve the problem, the company should think of a strategy that efficiency produce palm oil using less land, which correspondingly reduces the amount of fertilizers and pesticides needed. Furthermore, another weakness of IOI Corporation is they face problem of uncertainty of palm oil prices that out of their control. During the financial year under review, the average selling price of crude palm oil had declined. This was mainly due to bearish fundamentals locally. Domestic ending stocks were high. However, demand from consuming countries remained strong. The possibility of crude palm oil (CPO) prices falling further in the future, investors will dump their holdings on concerns that weaker CPO price and rising cost would hurt the planters earnings outlook. However, the analysts are still upbeat on IOI Corporation. Opportunity There are many opportunities available in the market in this 21st century. First of all, the opportunity available for IOI Corporation would be buying more land to expand the plantation productions. A detailed research would be needed in order to purchase the most suitable and fertile land. The initial investment would be quite a huge amount but a great amount of profit would be earned in the long run. Next opportunity would be getting more contracts with other companies in property developing. This can be done through promotion activities. As more companies buy over our property, we would be able to use that revenue to build more new properties. This would generate a huge amount of revenue. The reputation of IOI Corporation would also increase as more consumers purchase properties from us. What is most important is to keep the quality of the properties we build in order to attract more consumers. The following opportunity that is available in this modern world would be merging. One of the most suitable way to find a company to merge with is a company that has a negatively correlated business with our own company. This is a very good way to diversify the risk of the company. When the market for our business is not that smooth, we are able to gain profit from the other business of the merging company to cover losses or the decreased profit of our company. SWOT Analysis can now influence the Opportunities for the business. These can be seen as targets to achieve and exploit in the future. Good financial position creating a good reputation for future bank loans and borrowings would be the first example. Next would be skilled workforce that means that we can be moved and trained into other areas of the business. We also have the opportunity to increase spending power in the National economy. Last but not least will be the opportunity of moving a product into a new market sector. Threats Internal controls risk management, economic situation against core products, competitive or technological threats are highlighted. Our integrated systems of internal controls, and how these are continuously shaped through our Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Framework that interweaves the Groups Vision and business objectives of our global operation. To explain the Groups oversight structure that ensures the integrity of adopted frameworks in engaging every business unit and hierarchical level to proactively embrace uncertainties and manage associated risks. Groups expanded view on uncertainties that it gives rise to only risks and controls. Hence, the Groups top-down risk management program drives a continuous cycle of control activities plus timely strategic respond to opportunities and threats. IOI Corporation Berhad palm oil production is looking strong, but the stagnant oil-extraction rate (OER) of palm oil, especially in Peninsular Malaysia that is below 20% for the past 20 years, has been a major concern. Property prices have not escalated in a frenzied manner over the last few years, the threat of an oversupply is somewhat kept in check. The 2009 Sarawak property market is generally expected to slow down further. The continued inflationary pressures put by world economic imbalances and uncertainties will continue to stall demand for housing. The property take up rates are expected to be slower in 2009 compared to 2008.The fear and threat of further increases in petrol prices and inflation rates, the global slow down in economic growth and the global trend of rising interest rates are expected to dampen the buying sentiment in the property market. On the other side competitors and technology are great threats for IOI Group Berhad because competitors applies new innovation and method to rise market share as well as technology is now modern weapon for business to increase companys value and its growth. New Project The company will be launching a new property development project. What the company stress on is the development at potential half-rural areas in short period time (3 to 5 years). This project will be a cooperative business with the government as the government has the same objective towards the development. Objective of this project is to develop the potential remote areas. For example, Tangkak and Mersing in Johor and Langkap in Perak. These towns are only made up by streets and villages. The people do not enjoy the facilities which are in the big cities like Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru. So, this project will be building up those potential areas to let the people can fully utilized what we used in the big cities. Besides building houses, IOI group will be building other facilities or infrastructures which should be in a city such as shopping complexes, Police Station, Fire Station, hospitals, schools (primary, secondary, colleges, and universities), roads, public transportation and so on. IOI group will be co-operating with the Ministry of Housing and Local Government to achieve the objective of this project. IOI group will act as the local government (town council) with the assistance of our Government. After the area is developed, the developer the IOI group will be issuing a card which called privilege cards to the residents. The card will be functioning as membership card and its a proven document for the residents. Then, the residents can use the card to spend in the shopping complexes, for the other infrastructures or even mamak stalls. Special Task (Merging) After doing our research, we have found out that IOI Corporation is a very big and stable company. Its yearly profit is quite stable. After some discussion, we have decided to merge with Air Asia. This merger would benefit both parties. The benefit that both companies would get is the increasing profit and diversifying the risk of company. By merging with Air Asia, IOI Corporation can arrange for specialized plane. The usage for this plane is only for IOI Corporation which would be used for sending their plantation goods out of the country. This will give a faster and more efficient transportation of goods compared to using ships for transportation. Goods will be delivered on time and it can be transported to many countries around the world. After the merger, we would help in opening cargo for Air Asia as it does not have one currently. This would benefit both parties. IOI Corporation could use this cargo to transport goods out of the country and Air Asia can do new business through accepting goods transportation using cargo to boost its profit. During MATTA fair, IOI Corporation can have promotions. Some of the strategies are giving free flights to customers when they purchase property of IOI Corporation. IOI Corporation can build own hotels. Customers can purchase a package flight ticket with IOI hotels accommodation included which would be much cheaper. Advertisement about IOI Corporation properties can be shown during flight time in the airplane. This will help increase sales of IOI as there may be potential customers in the flights. It may also attract interested foreign investors which are in that particular flight. Foreign investment in our country not only helps to boost the corporation profit but also benefits the countrys economy. As we merge, IOI Corporation would build a hostel for Air Asia staffs. This can help the staffs save a lot every month. IOI would give overseas trip to staffs every year as workers welfare. They can choose any country that they would like to visit as it would be provided by Air Asia. By having this benefit, it may increase the commitment of staffs towards the corporation. New proposals would be prepared on building airports after the merging. IOI Corporation would take one of its plantation lands for building an airport just for Air Asia. By looking in short term, one land may be lost but it benefits both parties in the long run. Profits would be much more when the airport is build compared to using it for plantation as IOI would choose the most unfertile land for this purpose. After the airport is build, more planes would be open to other countries around the world. They would have direct flights to countries that most airlines do not have in KLIA and Singapore Changi Airport. Research and development department would work on research on palm oil for replacing petrol. This idea is already starting in other countries so we would work harder on this. If we succeed, it will benefit both companies. Air Asia would not need to purchase any petrol for its airplane. It would help save a lot and on the other hand, IOIs palm oil can be produced into petrol and sold to other companies. This would increase IOI Corporations profit dramatically as petrol would be used up and become extinct one day in the future. Palm oil can be planted and it can be produced again and again which would not become extinct. We have made a calculation on the extra profit that we would earn with this merging. First of all it would be our operating profit margin, we would be more efficient after the merging that increase our operating profit margin by around 20% which would be 18.26% which is much more better off. Next would be the increase of the Earnings Per Share (EPS). This increase would be deriving from the increase of net income. We made a calculation on the cost and came out with a conclusion that our cost would be cut down at least 15% if the merging is successful. Cost would be lesser as two companies operation will be merge that diversify the cost. Conclusion We can see that IOI Corporation also has its own strength that would benefits the company, weakness which may be the target of competitors, opportunities that company can expand the business, threats that company should be alert of. The company will be very successful if all of these components are managed properly. New projects should be implemented to increase the revenue and expand the business. From the research that we have done, it shows that merging with Air Asia would be a very great idea as it benefits both parties. Three most important advantages of the merger would be portfolio diversifier, increasing revenue and expansion of business. As a conclusion, we hope that the plan and opinion that we have given in this project will illustrate the current situation in IOI group. Then, we also hope that the ways taken in solving or improve the current situation will be useful and applicable in reality. Besides that we also hope the objective we have given can be achieved in future for the goodness of the company overall financial management. As for IOI group, as an organization that serves the community, they must operate towards the public interest so that the world would be a better place to live in. They must also interact in each other to improve the quality of the organization. By provided with the ascendancy, we only have the competencies to compete with our competitor and more further to the global market.

Managing change and overcoming fear of change - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 16 Words: 4835 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? 1.0 Introduction The phenomenon of resistance to change is the bane of all Algerian bakeries that convey ideas for change. For the same one who proposed the change, the resistances are usually synonymous with hostility, intrigue deadlines, polarization, conflict, and impatience, many problems which are likely to frustrate and undermine the success of his bakery. Basically, resistance to change is built up from many sources; internal and external. Overcoming resistance to change requires first the identification of those sources. Therefore, the owner of the bakery El-Bahdja is looking for an expert or professional advice in the field to help managing change effectively. Hence, as this topic is part of the international business and management studies, the owner asked me to do some research on this matter. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Managing change and overcoming fear of change" essay for you Create order Ultimately, this research is divided into two major chapters, first; the literature part that discusses the main topic theoretically, it starts off by mentioning the general sources that fuels the resistance to change, then it goes on with hofdstedes point of view on resistance of change based on cultural differences and it concludes by describing the steps of managing change effectively and it concludes with. The second major chapter is the analysis of the findings from the primary data that have been collected through interviews with owners and employees from the bakery El-Bahdja and owners from other bakeries. Finally this paper is closed by recommendations for the owner of the bakery El-Bahdja on how to overcome resistance to change and how to manage change. 1.1 Research objective Many companies in North Africa particularly in Algeria are making loss and could not improve the quality of their business due to the habit of following common procedures and the high consideration of sunk costs invested in the status quo and fear of new ideas. Lack of adequate information fuels rumors and gossip and adds to anxiety generally associated with change. This fear creates resistance to change in the Algerian bakery industry Therefore, this research focuses on finding the elements that fuel the resistance to change in the Algerian bakeries and specifically the bakery El Bahdja that produces and delivers all kind of bread and pastries. The owner of the Algerian Bakery El-Bahdja is an old man and has been in the business since 1967. The owner is facing the closing down due to lack of managing change skills in the bakery and the high resistance from the employees to change. The main objective of this research is to provide the owner of the bakery El-Bahdja with guidance to effectively managing change when it is in the process of the implementation. 1.2 Research questions To provide guidance on how to manage changes for the owner of the bakery El-Bahdja it is essential first to find answers to the following research questions. Does Algerian culture welcome changes Why most Algerian employers and employees resist changing? What are the external factors that prevent Algerian employers and employees from changing? How do Algerian employers and employees manage change when applying the new ideas? 1.3 Methodology This study is based on both primary and secondary data that help in understanding the causes of resistance to change from both the Algerian owners and their employees: Secondary data collection: this method studies the previous cases that have already been written about and find the similarities between the cases. This method is very helpful in collection data from different cultures that share the same fact which is fear of new ideas that have direct effect on their traditional way of doing business. Therefore, the resources of the secondary data collection are mainly from books, journals, and internet. Primary data: a very crucial data and plays a big role in making final decision. The primary data which is better called direct communication or field research, on other word; facing people and have them interviewed. The objective of this method is to collect factual data that helps in answering the research questions of this study and this after interviewing people from the same field on the main topic. Reflection on the research methodology: the methods followed for collecting data are linked together. The secondary data helps understand the theoretical concepts that have been concluded from previous cases and compare them to the new facts. In this method; the 7s model of McKinsey, the theory versus the real world by Jeff Hiatt and Arab identity by Halim Barakat are used as starting point for facing organizational change in Algeria. The primary data is basically the tangible evidence for decision makers, observing and interviewing people are the major tools to be used in collecting data for this study. Reliability and validity of data are the essential axes of this method. Therefore, the interviews take place specifically with owners of bakeries and their employees in Algeria and in the Netherlands for comparison to see whether culture differences is a matter for resisting changing. 2.1 Why managing change? Change is believed to happen Changes are fact and every person is subject to these changes. People faces changes regularly in their life or in their workplace, part of them deal with these changes successfully and the other part fail to adjust to change. In the life, for instance a family with children; parents believe that children are subject to changes and may change to better or to the opposite that parents plan for them, however these changes would not affect the family as a whole but the person himself. Nevertheless, in a business changes there are two ways and no third, successfully manage change or failure. In organization whether you are an executive, supervisor, coach, consultant, project team leader or manager of any type where your job is to manage people, you likely have experienced resistance to change from employees. However you may not recognize the role that you can play in preventing that resistance and leading change. Many managers do not make this connection until they have personally experience failure in an important change project (Jeff Hiat, Timothy J. Creasey 2003) When asking people after this failure what would you do differently if you had the chance to do it again? The common response would be using an effective and planned change management program. The question to be risen here is whether this program is sufficient enough to prevent resistance to change from happening in the first place and deal with people emotions and pursue them to change. The real barrier to success is a lack of change management and not management program. Some people do not lack of vision or an understanding of the marketplace but they feel simply short when managing the people side of change. In other words, things did not go exactly as planned. The unexpected happened. Not managing the people side of change impacts the success and introduces risk into the business (Jeff Hiat, Timothy J. Creasey 2003) Change management skills have shown that is not only mitigates these business risks, but also can avoid them entirely. Business leaders have change management skills to not only manage resistance once it appears, but to prevent it from occurring. 2.2 Change and the manager Change needs to be portrayed in positive terms, a necessity to ensure long term survival (Robert A Poton, James McCalman, 2008) Organizations and their managers must recognize change, in itself, is not necessarily a problem. The problem more often than not is a less than competent management o the change situation (Rob Paton, James McCalman, 2008). Managers must realize that one cannot separate strategic change management from organizational strategy; both must work in tandem. The importance of the human side of change cannot be underestimated, one must identify and manage the potential sources and causes of potential resistance and ensure that motivators are built into new processes and structures (Forlaron, 2005). i) Change competency: Change is part of the businesss philosophy The successful organization is the organization that understand change will occur, expect it and support the change during implementation (Jeff Hiat, 2003) An organization that faces constant demands to change and uses effective management over and over with each new initiative may experience a fundamental shift in its operations and the behavior of its employees. Sponsors begin to repeat activities that made last change successful. Managers develop skills to support employees through the change. Employees see part of their job as navigating these new changes. Each level in the organization will have internalized its role in change and developed the skills and knowledge necessary to react to constant change. The organization has become ready and able to embrace change; it has developed change competency (Jeff Hiat, Timothy J. Creasey, 2003). However, building change competency is not paved with flowers; it requires a belief that change is now an ever-present feature of organizational life (Burnes, 2004). Change competency is similar to change management, but there are several key distinction. First, change management is ultimately the use of specific activities like communication, coaching, sponsorship and training; to realize successful outcomes with business changes. Change competency is not a specific activity; it is an organizations ability to react to change over and over again Second, while change management can be taught and learned, change competency requires a fundamental shift in culture and values. It must be simply part of day-to-day operations and cannot be simply demonstrated in training or instructional material. Third, change competency must penetrate every facet and level of the organization. This distinction especially relates to the front-line employee. An organization may have expertise in change management in its sponsors, consultants and change management. However, the front-line employees are the ones whose day-to-day activities are changing. To build change competency into the organization, you can take the first step by ensuring that solid change management practices are applied consistently for each change initiative. The second step is to begin building the following competencies into your organization (Jeff Hiat, Timothy J. Creasey, 2003) ii) Change and Human Resource Technology has played a major role in ensuring that a coherent business approach and managerial performance can be maintained from a reduce resource base. The key success in such moves has been the mobilization of the human resource (Pettigrew and Whipp, 1993). 2.3 Managing resistance once it appears Believing in changes to be happening is a key principle to reducing resistance to change People are often afraid of new ideas. They may feel threatened by new ideas and fear that they will not be able to cope with a change in working patterns that is demanded of them or that they will not understand how to use a new technology; example of that many older people are afraid of materials that they are not able to handle and may make them calling the technician every moment (Tony proctor 2005). The fear of new ideas is a natural feeling; people live with this fear and it not a bad manner. Fear of new ideas becomes negative when is surrounded with sources that increase the tension of fear that leads to high level of resistance and consequently aggravation of the failure of any project. Change more often than not produces suspicions and resistance. To many it implies a move from familiar ways-mastered over long periods of time- to an unknown and threatening environment. In order to deal effectively with resistance to change, people must understand its causes (Jack Rabin, Marcia B. Steinhauer, 1988). Lawrence and Greiner 1970, identify the main sources that feed the resistance of change. Fear of the unknown, lack of information, threats of status, fear of failure, and lack of perceived benefits. Regarding the first group of sources of resistance, change starts with the perception of its need, so a wrong initial perception is the first barrier to change. This first group is called distorted perception, interpretation barriers and vague strategic priorities (Pardo del Val, Manuela Martnez Fuentes). It includes: (a) Inability of the company to look into the future with clarity (Barr et al., 1992; Krger, 1996; Rumelt, 1995); (b) Denial or refusal to accept any information that is not expected or desired (Barr et al., 1992; Rumelt, 1995; Starbuck et al., 1978); (c) Perpetuation of ideas, meaning the tendency to go on with the present thoughts although the situation has changed (Barr et al., 1992; Krger, 1996; Rumelt, 1995; Zeffane, 1996); (d) Implicit assumptions, which are not discussed due to its implicit character and therefore distort reality (Starbuck, Greve and Hedberg, 1978); (e) Communication barriers, that leads to information distortion or misinterpretations (Hutt et al., 1995); (f) Organizational silence, which limits the information flow with individuals who do not express their thoughts, meaning that decisions are made without all the necessary information (Morrison and Milliken, 2000; Nemeth, 1997). The second main group of sources of resistance deals with a low motivation for change. Five fundamental sources: (a) Direct costs of change (Rumelt, 1995); (b) cannibalization costs, that is to say, change that brings success to a product but at the same time brings losses to others, so it requires some sort of sacrifice (Rumelt, 1995); (c) Cross subsidy comforts, because the need for a change is compensated through the high rents obtained without change with another different factor, so that there is no real motivation for change (Rumelt, 1995); (d) Past failures, which leave a pessimistic image for future changes (Lorenzo, 2000); and (e) Different interests among employees and management, or lack of motivation of employees who value change results less than managers value them (Waddell and Sohal, 1998). The lack of a creative response is the third set of sources of resistance. There are three main reasons that diminish the creativeness in the search for appropriate change strategies: (a) Fast and complex environmental changes, which do not allow a proper situation analysis (Ansoff, 1990; Rumelt, 1995); b) Reactive mind-set, resignation, or tendency to believe that obstacles are inevitable (Rumelt, 1995); and (c) Inadequate strategic vision or lack of clear commitment of top management to changes (Rumelt, 1995; Waddell and Sohal, 1998). Taking into consideration all those sources of resistance mentioned above can reverse the situation into preventing resistance in the first place. Cultural web: Cultures differ from each other in their resistance to change. The strongest resistance to change characterizes of high power distance, low individualism, and high uncertainty avoidance. Among these cultures are most Latin American countries, Portugal and Korea, followed by Japan, France, Spain, Greece, Turkey, and Arab countries. Cultures with low levels of resistance to change are low on power distance, high on individualism, and low on uncertainty avoidance. This category includes the Anglo countries, Nordic countries, and the Netherlands, followed by Singapore, Hong Kong, and South Africa (Harzig and Hofdestede, 1996 2.4 Making sense of change management 7S model of McKinsey: The Mckinsey 7S model defines the seven components that encompass an organization and that by changing any one of the S components there is impact on the other S components. This model is such a conceptual aid by acting as good checklist for those setting out to make organizational change, laying out which parts of the system need to adapt, and the effects of these changes in other parts of the system (Mike Green, 2007) The 7s categories are: Staff important categories of people within the organization, the mix, the diversity, retention, the development and the maximizing of their potential. This component helps to determine how committed resources to make it all work? Skills distinctive capabilities, knowledge and experience of key people. The role of this component is to identify how ready and competent are the staff based on where the organization is heading? Systems processes, IT systems, HR systems, knowledge management systems. In other words, what are the suitable systems to be used to support the transition? Style management style and culture. How we are getting from here to there? Shared values guiding principles that make the organization what it is. Strategy organizational goals and plan, use of resources. Briefly is where are we transitioning to? Structure the organization chart and how roles, responsibilities and accountabilities are distributed in furtherance of the strategy. The Mckinsey 7S model provides an effective framework for analyzing an organization and its activities that determine whether an organization is strong enough to adjust to any changes. Furthermore, this model helps in avoiding some of the sources that feed resistance to change in the first place 2.5 Five steps for effective change process (Thomas and Christopher, 2008) Step 1:Motivating change: Moving from the known to the unknown Organizational change involves moving from the known to the unknown. The future is uncertain and may adversely affect peoples competencies, worth, and coping abilities. Organization members generally do not support change unless compelling reasons convince them to do so. A key issue in planning for action is how to motivate commitment to organizational change. This requires attention to two related tasks: creating readiness for change and overcoming resistance to change. Creating Readiness for change: peoples readiness for change depends on creating a felt need for change. This involves making people so dissatisfied with the status quo that they are motivated to try new work processes, technologies, or ways of behaving. Generally people and organization need to experience deep levels of hurt before they will seriously undertake meaningful change. The following three methods can help generate sufficient dissatisfaction to produce change: Sensitize organizations to pressures for change. Modern organizations face unprecedented environmental pressures to change themselves, including heavy foreign competition, rapidly changing technology, and the draw of global markets. Internal pressures to change include new leadership, poor product quality, high production costs, and excessive employee absenteeism and turnover. Organizations can make themselves more sensitive to pressures for change by encouraging leadership to surround themselves with devils advocate; for instance by cultivating external networks that comprise people or organizations with different perspectives and views; by visiting other organizations to gain exposure to new ideas and methods. Reveal discrepancies between current and desired states. Significant discrepancies between actual and ideal states can motivate organization members to initiate corrective changes, particularly when members are committed to achieving those ideas. A major diagnosis is to provide members with feedback about current organizational functioning so that the information can be compared with goals or desired future states. Convey credible positive expectations for the change. When organization members expect success, they are likely to develop greater commitment to the change process and to direct more energy into the constructive behaviors needed to implement it. The key success to achieving these positive effects if to communicate realistic, positive expectations about the organizational changes*. Research suggests that information about why the change is occurring, how it will benefit the organization, and how people will be involved in the design and implementation of the change was most helpful.* Overcoming Resistance to change: At the organization level, resistance to change can come from three sources. Technical resistance comes from the habit of following common procedures and the consideration of sunk costs invested in the status quo. Political resistance can arise when organizational changes threaten powerful stakeholders, such as top executive or staff personnel, or call into question the past decisions of leaders. Finally, culture resistance takes the form of systems and procedures that reinforce the status quo, promoting conformity to existing values, norms, and assumptions about how things should operate. Empathy and support. A first step in overcoming resistance is learning how people are experiencing change. This strategy identifies people who are having trouble accepting the changes, the nature of their resistance, and possible ways to overcome it. Communication. People resist change when they are uncertain about its consequences. Lack of adequate information fuels rumors and gossip and adds to anxiety generally associated with change. Effective communication about changes and their likely results can reduce this speculation and allay unfounded fears. Participation and innovation. Involvement in planning the change increases the likelihood that members interests and needs will be accounted for during the intervention. Consequently, participants will be committed to implementing the changes. They also can identify pitfalls and barriers to implementations. STEP 2: CREATING A VISION The second activity in leading and managing change involves creating a vision of what members want the organization to look like or become. Generally, a vision describes the core values and purpose that guide the organization as well as an envisioned future toward which change is directed. It provides a valued direction for designing, implementing, and assessing organizational changes. The vision also can energize commitment to change by providing members with a common goal and a compelling rationale for why change is necessary and worth the effort. Research suggests that compelling visions are composed of two parts: (1) a relatively stable core ideology that describes the organizations core values and purpose, and (2) an envisioned future with bold goals and a vivid description of the desired future state that reflects the specific change under consideration Step 3: DEVELOPING POLITICAL SUPPORT Managing the political dynamics of change includes the following activities: Assessing Change Agent Power. Greiner and Schein 1988, indentified three key sources of personal power in organizations (in addition to ones formal position); knowledge, personality, and others support. Knowledge bases of power include having expertise that is valued by others and controlling important information. For example, leaders in organizational units undergoing change can call on their informal networks for resources and support, and encourage subordinates to exercise power in support of the change. Identifying Key Stakeholders. This can start with simple question. who stands to gain or to lose from the changes? Once stakeholders are identified, creating a map of their influence may be useful. Consequently, provides change agents with information about which people groups need to be influenced to accept and support the changes. Influencing Stakeholders. There are three major strategies for using power to influence others in organization development; First strategy is playing straight; this strategy involves determining of particular stakeholders and presenting information about how the changes can benefit them. The success of this strategy relies heavily on the change agents knowledge base. He or she must have the expertise and information to persuade stakeholders that the changes are a logical way to meet their needs. The second strategy is using social network; in this strategy change agents attempt to use their social relationships to gain support for changes. This social networking might include, for example, meeting with other powerful groups and forming alliances to support specific changes. This strategy also might include using informal contacts to discover key roadblocks to change and to gain access to major decision makers who need to sanction the changes. The third strategy is going around the formal system; the change agents charisma, reputations, or professional credibility lend legitimacy to going around the system and can reduce the likelihood of negative reprisals. For example, managers with reputations as winners often can bend the rules to implement organizational changes. However, this power strategy is relatively easy to abuse. Therefore; the OD practitioners should consider carefully the ethical issues and possible unintended consequences of circumventing formal policies and practices. Step 4: MANAGING THE TRANSITION Implementing organizational change involves moving from the existing organization state to the desired future state. There are three major activities and structure to facilitate organizational transition: activity planning, commitment planning, and change-management structures. Activity Planning This involves making a road map for change, citing specific activities and events that must occur if the transition is to be successful. Activity planning should clearly identify, temporally orient, and integrate discrete change tasks and should link these tasks to the organizations change goals and priorities. Commitment planning this activity involves identifying key people and groups whose commitment is needed for change to occur and formulating a strategy for gaining their support. Change-Management Structures Because organizational transitions tend to be ambiguous and to need direction, special structures for managing the change process need to be created. These management structures should include people who have the power to mobilize resources to promote change, the respect of the existing leadership and change advocates, and the interpersonal and political skills to guide the change process. Step 5: SUSTAINING MOMENTUM Once organization changes are under way, explicit attention must be directed to sustaining energy and commitment for implementing them. A strong tendency exists always among organization members to return to old behaviors and well-known processes unless they receive sustained support and reinforcement for carrying the changes through to completion. The following five activities can help to sustain momentum for carrying change through to completion: Providing resources for change. Additional financial and human resources are required for implementing organization change, particularly if the organization continues day-to-day operations while trying to change itself. Extra sources are always helpful to provide a buffer as performance drops during the transition period. Building a support system for change agents. Organization change can be difficult and filled with tension, not only for participants but for change agents as well. A support system typically consists of a network of people with whom the change agent has close personal relationships people who can give emotional support, serve as sounding board for ideas and problems, and challenge untested assumptions. Developing new competencies and skills, reinforcing new behaviors, and staying the course. In organizations people generally do things that bring them rewards. Consequently, one of the most effective ways to sustain momentum for change is to reinforce the kinds of behaviors needed to implement the changes through for instance informal recognition, encouragement, and praise. Staying the course. If the organization changes again too quickly or abandons the changes before it is fully implemented, the desired results may never materialize. There are two primary reasons that managers do not keep a steady focus on change implementation. First, many managers fail to anticipate the decline in performance, productivity, or satisfaction as change is implemented. Organization members need time to practice, develop, and learn new behaviors; they do not abandon old ways of doing things and adopt a new set of behaviors overnight. Second, many managers do not keep focused on a change because they want to implement the next big idea that comes along. Successful organizational change requires persistent leadership that does not waver unnecessarily. References Books and articles Ansoff, I.H. (1990), Implanting Strategic Management Prentice Hall International, Ltd. London Cynthia D. Scott, Dennis T. Jaffe. (2003), Managing change at work: leading people through organizational transitions, edit 3 Greiner, L.E. (1972), Evolution and revolution as organizations grow Harvard Business Review, pp. 37-46. Greiner, L E and Schein, V E. (1988), Power and Organization Development: Mobilizing power to change, Reading, MA: Addison Wesley Halim Barakat. (1993), The Arab world: society, culture, and state Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, Hutt, M.D., Walker, B.A. and Frankwick, G.L. (1995) Hurdle the Cross-Functional Barriers to Strategic Change Sloan Management Review, 36 (3), pp. 22-30. Jack Rabin, Marcia B. Steinhauer. (1988), Handbook on human services administration Public Administration and Public Policy/34, pp. 305 Krger, W. (1996), Implementation: The Core Task of Change Management CEMS Business Review, 1, pp. 77-96. Lawrence, P.R. (1954), How to Deal with Resistance to Change Harvard Business Review, (May/June), pp. 49-57. Mike Green. (2007), Change management masterclass: a step by step guide to successful change. Tony Proctor. (2005), Creative problem solving for managers: developing skills for decision making. Edition 2, pp. 241 Pardo Del Val, Manuela Martnez Fuentes RESISTANCE TO CHANGE: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND EMPIRICAL, p. 5-7 Rob Paton, James McCalman. (2008), Change Management: A Guide to Effective Implementation, edition 3, pp. 39-54 Rumelt, R.P. (1995), Inertia and transformation, in Montgomery, C.A., Resource-Based and Evolutionary Theories of the Firm, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Massachusetts, pp. 101-132. Rusell Tobin. (1999), Overcoming resistance to change, Second Edition, pp. 142 Starbuck, W., Greve, A. and Hedberg, B.L.T. (1978) Responding to crisis, Journal of Business Administration, 9 (2), pp. 111-137. Thomas G. Cummings, Christopher G. Worley. (2008), Organization development change, Edition 9, pp. 165-182 Waddell, D. and Sohal, A.S. (1998), Resistance: a constructive tool for change management, Management Decision, 36 (8), pp. 543-548. Zeffane, R. (1996), Dynamics of strategic change: critical issues in fostering positive organizational change, Leadership Organization Development Journal, 17, pp. 36-43. Websites: https://www.explorehr.org/articles/Organization_Analysis/Five_Steps_for_Effective_Change_Process.html Appendices Appendix A: Company history Company name: Bakery El-Bahdja Owner: Mohamed Mezioud Address: 11 Humeg Idir 5 maisons El Mohammadia Algiers, Algeria The bakery El-Bahdja was founded in 1967. It delivers bread and pastries to many unites in Algiers. The traditional way of producing bread is still dominating the bakery. Appendix B: Name and addresses of the people interviewed Appendix C: Questions of the interviews Questions for the employees: Do you want the bakery to be changed? If no why you want the bakery to remain as it is But new machines will facilitate the work Questions for the owners: Why you do not change the bakery style? Is it a problem for you to have new sophisticated machines?

Movie Review Horror Movies - 1345 Words

Clark 1 Baili Clark Mr. Karwatsky Freshman Seminar, Per.1 4 May 2015 Horror Movies Why is it that some people enjoy a scary movie and others think that they are too scary or gruesome? Horror movies have been around since the 1960s. Some of those movies actually come from a story that was made up to scare little kids. People would make up a scary story and the parent’s would tell their children the stories to keep them from doing something they didn’t want them to do, but not all of the stories are made up. Some of these stories actually are based off of a true story or something that happened in real life and the characters were changed so that they wouldn’t reveal identities of the people involved. Horror movies, such as, The Nightmare on Elm Street, Jaws, The Mothman Prophecies, and an American Haunting are all movies that are based off of a true event that has happened (Chiller). The movies that were just based off of stories like Monster House, and Casper were just made to teach kids a certain lesson. Like the reason for making the movie Monster House, was to teach kids to stay on your own property because you never know what will happen or what you will get yourself into (Monster House). The lesson from Casper is that you never judge a book by its cover and that you can become friends with anyone no matter what they look like (Casper). Movies have been around since the 1890s, but they were all Clark 2 produced without sound until 1927. Horror is justShow MoreRelatedThe Horror Of Horror Films1360 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Horror Films are unsettling films designed to frighten and panic, cause dread and alarm, and to invoke our hidden worst fears, often in a terrifying, shocking finale, while captivating and entertaining us at the same time in a cathartic experience.† Horror films have been to Hollywood since the early days of cinematography. Horror films are very interesting to watch because horror movies are scary and we don t know what is going happen next. That kind of suspense in the movies makes us watch moreRead MoreThe Determinants Of Box Office Revenue For Horror Movies Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pages The Determinants of Box Office Revenue for Horror Movies is an academic article written by Neil Terry, Robert King, and Jeri J. Walker. It was published in 2010 in the Journal of Global Business Management. The reason I chose this article was because it is relevant to my area of study. I am researching gender role issues in horror films, and I was curious how the movies did in the box office. There have been many different types of horror films done throughout the years like slashers, comedyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Bride Of Frankenstein 1514 Words   |  7 Pagesfor my input to help them compile their list of great horror movies. I decided that the best way to share my input is by choosing two movies from the horror movie genre and comparing and contrasting them to concluded which out of the two is a better horror movie. The first movie that I watched for this discussion is the Bride of Frankenstein, this movie was made in 1935 and directed by James Whale. The Bride of Frankenstein is a sequel to The movie Frankenstein which follows the after math of the suspectedRead MoreGet Out Movie Analysis989 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Bubble Get Out is a mysterious movie that captures your attention right from the beginning. From the instant the movie commenced, I was left with many questions in my head. Why is this person walking alone into the pitch black night in a lonely neighborhood? More importantly, why is an unknown car following his every step? Giving you different perspectives from the starting point of the movie making you wonder what may occur next. Throughout the movie, it has an agenda of unsettling the audienceRead More Slasher Movies: Female Victims or Survivors? Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesSlasher Movies: Female Victims or Survivors? â€Å"[Scary movies are] all the same. Some stupid killer stalking some big-breasted girl who can’t act who’s always running up the stairs when she should be running out the front door. It’s insulting,† claims the character Sidney, in the movie Scream (1996). This stereotype is what many movie fans and critics believe when the topic of slasher films arise. Slasher films normally include a psychotic killer (either real or supernatural), a number ofRead MoreHorror Films: Things That Go Bump in the Night Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesWe have all had a special interest in horror as long as we can remember. Whether our outlet is through fables, movies, or even figments of our imaginations we all find reason to fear something. (ScienceDaily). The issue is when we begin reaching out to these outlets and pursuing them, putting ourselves in the environment of fear to feel the exhilaration of being frightened but the question is why? Many scientists have given their own explanation to this question but they all differ and there is noRead MoreThe Horror Film Of All Time1345 Words   |  6 PagesImagine browsing your Netflix or Amazon Prime account looking for a good horror flick before settle on something that vaguely sounds interesting as you plop onto your chair waiting for chills and spine tingling excitement. The opening scenes pops up, a man in a peter pan hat is running through the forest pursued by legions of little evil looking creatures wielding fake plastic spears. Soon, the man collapses out of breath, when suddenly a beautiful woman appears, holding a bowl of green goop. TheRead MorePirates Of The Caribbe On Stranger Tides1246 Words   |  5 Pagesspends more money on movies than ever before, with an average budget of $140 million per movie. Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides; the most expensive movie ever made; cost approximately $378.5 million and that was five years ago. This isn’t surprising since history is witness to a rising trend in money spent on movies, even after adjusting for inflation, however, their impact on the industry isn’t as large as their budgets. Over the years, lower cost productions like B-Movies have played a majorRead MoreFilm Review: Shrek1061 Words   |  4 PagesShrek, a Movie for both Kids and Adults Cartoons are generally intended for children. There are adult cartoons but most of the animated movies are directed at kids because they make it easy to produce fantasies and make heroes children can associate themselves with. Latest developments in graphics and cinematic technology, however, can turn cartoons into real-like images. A good example of a film that displays this technology is Disneys Shrek (2001). Shrek is a cartoon but its makers used latestRead More Sleepy Hollow Film Review Essay1162 Words   |  5 Pages ‘Sleepy Hollow’ film Review Blood and murder usually go down a treat for the people who love gore but this is not the case in the movie ‘Sleepy Hollow’. Repetition is the key to an ultimately predictable film. Just as in any other film we see a substance with a resemblance to blood fall onto a piece of paper. This tells our minds the movie will have elements of horror. Then two hands, male and female, clasp. A headless horseman then appears decapitating an innocent man on the run in the woods.